Magnesium Fluoride (MgF₂) Optical Material

Broadband UV to IR fluoride crystal for demanding optical applications

Transmission
120 nm – 8 μm
Refractive Index
~1.38 @ 500 nm
Hardness
6 Mohs
Density
3.15 g/cm³
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Quick Answer

Magnesium Fluoride (MgF₂) is a durable fluoride crystal with broad transmission from 120 nm (deep UV) to 8 μm (IR). It offers excellent resistance to thermal shock, moisture, and radiation. Commonly used as a UV optical material, as a window material for VUV applications, and as a standard AR coating material.

What Is Magnesium Fluoride (MgF₂)?

Magnesium Fluoride is a crystalline ionic compound widely used in optics for its exceptional broadband transmission from deep ultraviolet (120 nm) through the infrared (up to 8 μm). It is one of the few materials suitable for vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) applications.

MgF₂ is notably hard (6 Mohs) for a fluoride crystal, with excellent resistance to thermal shock and moisture compared to CaF₂. It is also widely used as an AR coating material due to its low refractive index (~1.38).

Optical & Physical Properties

Reference data — verify with PhotonEdge for project-specific specifications.

Transmission Range120 nm – 8 μm
Refractive Index~1.38 @ 500 nm
Density3.15 g/cm³
Hardness6 Mohs
CTE8.3 × 10⁻⁶ /K
Thermal Conductivity15 W/(m·K)
dn/dT-10.6 × 10⁻⁶ /K
Softening/Melting Point1263°C

Typical Applications

Deep UV Optics

VUV windows and lenses for 120–200 nm applications

UV Spectroscopy

Windows and cells for UV spectrophotometers

AR Coating Material

Low-index coating material for broadband AR designs

Laser Windows

Windows for excimer and other UV laser systems

Coating Considerations

Uncoated

MgF₂'s low index (~1.38) gives ~2% reflection per surface — often used uncoated.

Typical use: UV windows and general optics

AR Coatings

Additional AR can further reduce reflection for demanding applications.

Typical use: UV laser systems

UV HR Dielectric

MgF₂ as high-index-contrast layer in UV dielectric mirrors.

Typical use: UV laser mirrors

Engineering Considerations

Birefringence

MgF₂ is birefringent. For polarization-sensitive applications, orient the crystal axis appropriately or use CaF₂ instead.

Moisture Resistance

Better moisture resistance than CaF₂, but prolonged exposure to high humidity should be avoided.

Thermal Shock

Excellent thermal shock resistance. Can withstand rapid temperature changes.

Size Limitations

Large boules are difficult to grow. Maximum sizes are more limited than BK7 or fused silica.

Material Comparison

vs CaF₂

MgF₂ is harder and more moisture-resistant, but CaF₂ has lower birefringence and better IR transmission

vs Fused Silica

MgF₂ extends to deep UV (<150nm) where fused silica absorbs; but fused silica is superior above 200nm

vs Sapphire

MgF₂ has broader UV transmission; Sapphire is harder but birefringent and absorbs below 150nm

Frequently Asked Questions

What is MgF₂ used for?

MgF₂ is used for deep UV optics (120-200nm), UV laser windows, spectroscopy cells, and as a low-index AR coating material.

How does MgF₂ compare to CaF₂?

MgF₂ is harder and more moisture-resistant, but is birefringent. CaF₂ has lower birefringence and extends further into the IR.

Can MgF₂ be used for visible light?

Yes, it transmits from deep UV through IR. However, its main advantage is in the deep UV where most other materials absorb.

Is MgF₂ moisture sensitive?

Less than CaF₂, but prolonged high humidity exposure should be avoided for long-term optical performance.

What is the transmission range of MgF₂?

Approximately 120 nm (deep UV) to 8 μm (mid-IR), making it one of the broadest-transmitting optical materials.

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Optical Material

BK7 Optical Glass

BK7 is the most widely used optical glass for visible and near-infrared applications. A borosilicate crown glass, BK7 offers excellent optical clarity, good homogeneity, and reasonable cost — making it the default choice for many general-purpose optical components.

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Key Optical Properties

Property Value
Transmission Range 350 nm – 2.0 μm
Refractive Index 1.5168 @ 587.6nm
Thermal Expansion 7.1 × 10⁻⁶ /K (20-300°C)
Density 2.51 g/cm³
Knoop Hardness 610 HK

Advantages

  • Excellent visible transmission (>92% per surface uncoated)
  • High material homogeneity and consistency
  • Good chemical resistance and stability
  • Cost-effective — widely available in stock sizes
  • Suitable for most visible and NIR applications

Limitations

  • Not suitable for UV below 350nm
  • Higher thermal expansion than fused silica
  • Lower LIDT than fused silica for high-power lasers
  • Hygroscopic under extreme humidity conditions
  • Limited IR transmission beyond 2μm

Typical Applications

Imaging lenses and objectives

Beam splitters and prisms

General-purpose windows

Spectrometer optics

Machine vision systems

Common Coating Options

Standard coating types available for this material. Custom coating designs available on request.

Broadband AR (VIS, VIS-NIR)
Anti-reflection single-layer MgF₂
Protected/enhanced aluminum
Dielectric HR and partial reflector
Beam splitter coatings

Products Using Magnesium Fluoride

Browse our catalog of precision optical components available in Magnesium Fluoride (MgF₂)

Wave Plates

Multiple Order Waveplates

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Dual Wavelength Waveplates

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