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Dichroic Filters & Mirrors

Precision wavelength-selective coatings that transmit specific bands while reflecting others. Used in fluorescence microscopy, display systems, beam combining and color separation.

Sharp Cut-on/off UV to NIR Custom Bands High OD Blocking

How Dichroic Coatings Work

Dichroic coatings are multi-layer interference filters designed to transmit certain wavelengths while reflecting others. Unlike absorptive color filters, dichroic coatings redirect unwanted wavelengths rather than absorbing them, reducing thermal load.

The coating stack consists of a precisely designed sequence of high and low index quarter-wave layers. Bandpass dichroics transmit a specific band and block both shorter and longer wavelengths. Longpass and shortpass dichroics create a spectral edge with steep transitions.

Edge steepness is determined by the number of layers and design complexity. Standard dichroics achieve transition widths of 5-10% of center wavelength, while steep-edge designs can achieve < 2% transition widths using 50+ layer designs.

When used at 45° angle of incidence, dichroic coatings split the beam into reflected and transmitted paths with defined spectral characteristics. This is the basis for fluorescence filter cubes, RGB color separation in projectors, and multi-wavelength beam combining.

Key Specifications

Parameter Typical Values Notes
Transmission Band Custom, any band Typically 10-500nm wide
Reflection Band Custom, complementary Or independent bands
Edge Steepness 5-10% of λ (standard) < 2% for steep-edge
Transmission > 90% in pass band Up to > 95%
Blocking OD 3-6 in block band Depends on design
AOI 0°, 45° most common Custom angles available
Size Up to 300mm diameter Custom shapes available
LIDT Available: 5-30 J/cm² At relevant wavelength
Substrate BK7, fused silica, CaF2 Per application

Available Materials

Material Pair Range Application
Ta2O5/SiO2 350nm-2μm VIS-NIR fluorescence, display
TiO2/SiO2 400nm-1.5μm Visible bandpass, RGB splitting
HfO2/SiO2 250nm-2μm UV-VIS dichroic filters
Nb2O5/SiO2 350nm-4μm Extended VIS-NIR
Al2O3/SiO2 200nm-500nm Deep UV dichroic
Ge/ZnS 2-14μm IR dichroic (thermal)

Applications

Fluorescence Microscopy

Dichroic beamsplitters in filter cubes separate excitation and emission wavelengths. Critical specs: high transmission in emission band, steep edge, and deep blocking of excitation light.

Display & Projection

RGB color separation dichroics in LCD and DLP projectors split white light into red, green and blue channels with high efficiency and color purity.

Multi-Wavelength Beam Combining

Laser systems combine multiple wavelengths using dichroic mirrors — each mirror transmits one wavelength while reflecting another.

Raman Spectroscopy

Notch and edge dichroic filters reject intense Rayleigh scatter while transmitting Raman-shifted signals very close to the laser line.

Machine Vision

Multi-spectral inspection systems use dichroic filters to separate wavelength channels for simultaneous surface and subsurface imaging.

Design Considerations

Related Products

PhotonEdge offers coated optical components compatible with Dichroic Filters & Mirrors. Explore related products below.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a dichroic mirror and a dichroic filter? +

Both use the same coating technology. 'Dichroic mirror' typically refers to components used at 45° to split a beam, while 'dichroic filter' often refers to bandpass or edge filter functions. The distinction is largely application-based.

How steep can the spectral edge be? +

Standard designs achieve transition widths of 5-10% of center wavelength. Steep-edge designs with 50+ layers can achieve < 2%, approaching the performance of volume holographic gratings.

Can dichroic coatings handle high-power lasers? +

Yes, with appropriate material selection and deposition. IBS-deposited dichroics can achieve LIDT > 20 J/cm². However, the steep transition regions may have higher absorption than simple HR coatings.

What determines the blocking level? +

Blocking depth depends on coating design (number of layers) and can be enhanced with absorptive glass substrates. OD 6+ is achievable for fluorescence applications.

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